The Mississippi River is one of the most iconic and important rivers in the United States. Stretching over 2,300 miles from Minnesota to Louisiana, it has played a crucial role in the country’s history, economy, and culture. But before Europeans arrived in North America, the Mississippi River was a mystery to them. It wasn’t until the French explorer Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, set out on an expedition down the river that its true significance would be revealed. In this blog post, we will explore the journey of La Salle and his team as they navigated the Mississippi River and made groundbreaking discoveries along the way.
Background on La Salle
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, better known simply as La Salle, was born in Rouen, France in 1643. He was a renowned explorer and fur trader who would become known for his expeditions in North America. La Salle first came to the New World in 1666, settling in Montreal and becoming a fur trader. However, it wasn’t until the late 1670s that he became interested in exploring the Mississippi River.
La Salle saw potential in the Mississippi River as a trade route and hoped to find a passage to the Pacific Ocean. He also had aspirations of establishing French colonies along the river. In order to fully understand the significance of La Salle’s expedition, it is important to know about the political climate of the time. During this period, European powers were competing for control of the lucrative fur trade in the New World. France, England, and Spain all had claims in North America and were constantly vying for territories.
La Salle’s expedition goals
La Salle’s main goal was to find a passage through the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. He believed that this would provide a direct route to the Pacific Ocean and open up new trading opportunities for France. Additionally, La Salle wanted to establish French colonies along the river to expand their presence in the New World.
Aside from his personal goals, La Salle was also under pressure from the French government to explore the Mississippi River. King Louis XIV saw the potential for trade and colonization in the region and wanted to secure it for France. This added pressure only fueled La Salle’s determination to embark on the expedition.
Preparation for the journey
In order to undertake such a massive expedition, La Salle needed proper funding and resources. He approached the French government for assistance, but they were reluctant to finance his venture. Luckily, he received support from a wealthy merchant named Henri de Tonti. Tonti provided La Salle with financial backing and helped him gather the necessary supplies and crew for the journey.
La Salle also sought help from Native American tribes along the Mississippi River. He made alliances with the Illinois, Miami, and Ohio tribes, who provided him with guides and interpreters. He also recruited soldiers and woodsmen to join his expedition and assist with navigating the treacherous terrain.
With all the preparations in place, La Salle and his team set out from Montreal in August 1679.
Journey down the Mississippi River
The journey down the Mississippi River was long and arduous. La Salle and his team faced numerous challenges along the way, from rough terrain to hostile Native American tribes. They traveled over 3,000 miles, facing dangerous rapids, swamps, and harsh weather conditions.
One of the first obstacles encountered by the expedition was the stretch of the Mississippi known as the “Great Bend.” This section of the river had sharp turns and treacherous currents, making it difficult to navigate. La Salle and his team managed to successfully navigate the Great Bend and continued on their journey.
The expedition also faced attacks from Native American tribes, who were wary of the French presence in their territory. La Salle and his team had to constantly negotiate with these tribes and make alliances in order to ensure safe passage down the river.
Discoveries and challenges faced
Despite the challenges, La Salle’s expedition made several important discoveries along the Mississippi River. They encountered various Native American tribes and made observations about their cultures and customs. La Salle also discovered the Ohio River, which he named after King Louis XIV.
One of the biggest challenges faced by the expedition was the construction of Fort Crevecoeur. This fort was meant to serve as a base for future expeditions and a trading post for French goods. However, due to conflicts with local Native American tribes and lack of resources, the fort was never completed.
Another significant challenge was the death of Tonti, La Salle’s most trusted confidant and assistant. Tonti fell seriously ill during the journey and passed away soon after, leaving La Salle without his crucial support and guidance.
Impact of the expedition
La Salle’s expedition had a profound impact on the exploration and colonization of the Mississippi River region. It provided valuable information about the geography, resources, and potential of the area. La Salle’s interactions with Native American tribes also opened up new trade opportunities and paved the way for further European settlement.
Additionally, La Salle’s discovery of the Ohio River would later play an important role in the French and Indian War between France and England. The French used the Ohio River as a key transportation route for military supplies and troops, while the British wanted to control this important waterway.
Ultimately, La Salle’s expedition helped solidify France’s claim on the Mississippi River and its surrounding territories. It also sparked a renewed interest in the exploration and colonization of North America and set the stage for future expeditions and settlements by other European powers.
Legacy of La Salle’s exploration
La Salle’s expedition down the Mississippi River left a lasting legacy that is still felt today. The French presence in the region was strengthened, leading to the establishment of French colonies and trading posts throughout the Mississippi River Valley.
La Salle’s journey also paved the way for future explorers, such as Robert de La Salle and Louis Jolliet, who would further explore the Mississippi River and its tributaries. These expeditions would add to the knowledge and understanding of the region and contribute to the growth of the French Empire in North America.
Today, we can see the impact of La Salle’s expedition through the numerous cities, landmarks, and institutions named after him. From LaSalle, Illinois to De La Salle University in the Philippines, his legacy lives on and continues to inspire adventurers and explorers.
Conclusion
In conclusion, La Salle’s expedition down the Mississippi River was a monumental journey that had far-reaching consequences. It opened up new trade routes, solidified France’s claim on the region, and laid the foundation for future exploration and settlement. Despite the challenges faced, La Salle and his team were able to successfully navigate the Mississippi River and make groundbreaking discoveries that shaped the history of North America. Today, we continue to remember and honor the achievements of La Salle and his team as we appreciate the beauty and significance of the mighty Mississippi River.
